Railroad Vault Tunnel Construction, 19th Century

Numéro d’image : 12653045
Railroad Vault Tunnel Construction, 19th Century
A vault is an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof. The parts of a vault exert lateral thrust that requires a counter resistance. When vaults are built underground, the ground gives all the resistance required. The method of tunnel construction depends on such factors as ground conditions, ground water conditions, length and diameter of the tunnel drive, depth of the tunnel, logistics of supporting the tunnel excavation, final use and shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk management. There are three basic types of tunnel construction in common use: Cut-and-cover tunnel, constructed in a shallow trench and then covered over. Bored tunnel, constructed in situ, without removing the ground above. Immersed tube tunnel, sunk into a body of water and laid on or buried just under its bed.
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