James Joule. Portrait of James Prescott Joule (1818-89),the British physicist who discovered the mechanical equivalent of heat. In 1840 Joule described the Joule effect,stating that the heat generated in a wire by an electrical current was proportional to the resistance and the square of the current. He made a series of accurate measurements to show that a given quantity of work,from whatever source,always produced a particular quantity of heat. From this he deduced that energy was never destroyed,but was always conserved in a different form. He also showed that the temperature of a gas falls as it expands,even when it does no external work. Portrait of Joule in 1863 | |
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