Portait of James Prescott Joule (1818-89),English physicist,the discoverer of the mechanical equivalent of heat. Joule was born at Salford,the second son of a wealthy brewer. Having suffered a spinal injury early in life,he was allowed to study rather than work in his father's company. By and large,Joule was self-taught,and he became devoted to accurate measurements of heat. In 1847 he published his first paper,showing that a given quantity of work always produced a particular quantity of heat. He was also the first to propose the principle of conservation of energy,and that the temperature of a gas drops as the gas expands. The SI unit of work (Joule) is named after him | |
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