Martin Luther (1483-1546) German reformer and theologian, founder of the Protestant Reformation. His lifelong struggle against the established doctrine of the Catholic Church permanently changed the face of Christianity. In 1517, a time of decadence in the church, he wrote to his Archbishop protesting the fraudulence in the sale of indulgences by the papacy, which remitted the punishment for a sin by giving money to the church. Luther nailed a set of 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenburg stating that the Bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds, precipitating the schism. This act is seen as the start of the Protestant Reformation. Luther's views on anticlericalism spread fast across Europe and in 1520 he was excommunicated and declared an outlaw in 1521. | |
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